Compare And Contrast Japan And China Essay

China and Japan, twain with thousand years of ancient polish and subtlety history, share numerous similarities and differences. Confucianism is a collectivist establish value system which embraces a laid of moral codes of behavior designed to regulate the relationships between ruler and subject, father and son, friend and neighbor, husband and wife, and brother and brother. hitherto though both China and Japan employed Confucianism as the state ideology, there were many features of Confucianism in the twain countries that shaped each countrys societies. China and Japan isolated themselves from the rest of the world in the beginning, but later on, the differences in response to the pressure from the westerly led them to different paths. This canvas is going to compare and contrast two main differences between Japan and China, which include a cultural legacy known as Confucianism and the response to the West in 19th century. To begin with, Confucianism stresses particular socia l relationships, but it is also a universal moral code, which makes it easy for the Japanese adoption.However, the Japanese transform it in their track and to a certain degree Confucian concepts are applied to relationships carrying a different meaning from those in China. At its most basic of culture, Chinese morality is founded on the family structure, with the most important social ties being that of parent and child and its blood-related family clans. The Japanese moral system is founded on a set of kinship relations that go beyond blood ties or extend to members who have no blood relationship, with the primary tie being that between attracter and follower. Therefore, Japanese policy-making culture is more group-oriented, more tribal, or more radical. Another example is the paired concepts of loyalty and filial piety that characterize the two cultures. These two values are related both are the duties we owe to our superiors. Loyalty is our duty to our ruler, and filial piety is our duty to our parents.Both came into the Japanese culture as part of the Confucian influence, but they are treated differently in China and Japan. In China, filial piety or reverence for parents is the most important of theserelationships and the one that binds the Confucian moral system together. Confucianists assume that if e realone internalizes such family values, society will come into tune with heaven, and harmony, contentment, and prosperity will ensue as a matter of course (Miller, John H). When there is a conflict between the two, our duty to our parents usually outweighs that to the ruler. In Japan, the Japanese do not discern this tension or contradiction one is a filial child only if one gives loyal service to ones superior. Therefore, loyalty is evince in unquestioning slave-like obedience and implies total selfless devotion to ones lord. In other words, loyalty in the Japanese culture usually take precedence over filial piety.In addition, harmony, rather than c ompetition, is one of the core Confucian ideas and the concept that helps to shape both Chinese and Japanese political cultures. Both China and Japan are highly collectivistic societies under the Confucian influence, in which each person is born and melt into a incarnate entity either family, clan, group, society, or state, each person knows his or her status and identity in relation to others in social relations, and each person is required to conform to the collective values. However, in Japan, more emphasis is placed on group orientation and loyalty to the group, for it is the group that gives one a social identity, provides a emotional state of security, and receives the rewards of service. Not only the house fancy and the village but also colleagues, fellow students, neighbors, and even industrial sectors constitute the important groups from which one acquires social status and identity.The gage Imperialism of the 19th century, driven by both America and Western Europe prof oundly affected Africa and Asia. In Asia, both Japan and China were impacted, but in very different ways. Japan was able to ward off the threats of imperialism, and emerge as a world power. China, on the other hand, suffered the loss of sovereignty and status. The elites of both countries responded to the challenges posed by Western penetration by initiating reforms. In Japan, the Meiji regime chose to remake themselves entirely through Westernization, while in China, the Qing government chose instead to hold on to traditional Chinese values and institutions. Chinas efforts at reform, the Self-Strengthening Movements, was in essential traditional answers to traditional problems. There was no significant, large-scale industrialisation in China, and they displayedlittle willingness to abandon traditional imperial institutions that were incapable to dealing with contemporary problems.Chinese cultural pride was just too deeply ingrained, so much so that it became an impediment, blinding many Chinese and preventing them from recognizing the need to learn from the barbarians and for fundamental change. On the other hand, Japanese efforts to adopt foreign engineering science to accept their military and industrial needs were largely achievementful. The Meiji regime, however, saw that military technology and industrialization could not be separated from institutional structures that had produced and accompanied such developments in the West, and showed little hesitation in transforming or abolishing traditional institutions in favor of those that could give Japan the modernity it needed to survive. Overall, the Meiji Restoration was a tremendous success for the Japanese and allowed them to join the ranks of Western new imperial powers. Both nations pursued the goal of a rich nation and strong army as the way to modernization through the Self-Strengthening Movement in China and the Meiji Restoration in Japan.However, most of the reforms in the Self-Strengthening Mov ement belonged to the surface layer of modernization which included manufacturing technology of military and light and heavier industries, and certain infrastructures. The reforms in the Meiji Restoration not only replicated the material manufacturing technology, but also touched the inner and deeper parts of Western civilization that included political structures and legal systems, and Western types of philosophy, culture and ways of thinking. China and Japan, due to geographical proximity, historical, and cultural ties, have many similarities and differences. Confucianism played a very important part in both Chinese and Japanese, but their different understandings in many same concepts lead to different cultures and societies.In addition, during the nineteenth century, confront the pressure of the West, different responses changes the fate of China and Japan. Chinese responded to the Opium Wars and western intrusion through a combination of challenging the West, embracing traditi onal ways, challenging the Qing Dynasty, or seeking moderate reforms. Japan, though never conquered, responded to the intrusion of West quite differently. Rather than looking to the past, the Japanese desire to emulate the West. During the Meiji Restoration, Japan modernized. Japan sought to avoid Chinas fate by adopting aspects of Western culture and faced a turning point in its history.Works CitedMiller, John H. precept Systems and Religions. Modern East Asia An Introductory History. Armonk, N.Y. M.E. Sharpe, 2008. 19. Print.